Homme des éclats et des scandales, « l’enfant du pays » s’impose au milieu du XIXème siècle comme le peintre de la rupture réaliste, foncièrement de son temps. Peintre du paysage, d’une nouvelle sensualité exprimée par des formes « vraies », dessinateur dont la pratique a été récemment réhabilitée ou encore sculpteur occasionnel, Gustave Courbet demeure celui qui brutalise les codes de l’art de son époque, accordant aux scènes du quotidien les dimensions de la peinture d’histoire.
Sa jeunesse à Ornans
Né à Ornans en , Gustave est l’unique fils de Régis Courbet (), riche exploitant agricole de Flagey, électeur censitaire, et de Sylvie Oudot (), fille de vignerons républicains d’Ornans. Entouré de ses quatre sœurs, il passe son enfance entre la ferme familiale des hauts plateaux de Flagey et Ornans, au cœur de la vallée de la Loue. Destiné à devenir avocat, le jeune homme s’instruit au petit séminaire de sa ville natale où il suit l’enseignement artistique de Claude-Antoine Beau (), puis au collège royal de Besançon, creuset des philosophes utopistes, où il continue sa formation artistique auprès de Charles-Antoine Flajoulot ().
Ses premie
June 10, – Gustave Courbet is born at Ornans (Doubs-France)
– Mediocre pupil at the “Petit Séminaire” at Ornans. His drawing master, “le Père Beau” makes him work from Nature.
– Enters the College Royal de Besançon. Courbet has lessons from M. Flajoulot.
– Courbet arrives in Paris and decides to become a painter. He pays frequent visit to the Louvre, where he studies ans imitates the Old Masters, with a marked preference for Velasquez and Rembrandt. He paints several portraits of members of his family and of himself, as well as lanscapes of Franche-Comte. All his life he is to remember the Valley of Ornans.
– His first masterpieces, Courbet au Chien noir, painted in , is also the first entry he submitted to the Salon. In , however, all these pictures are refused. Courbet goes to Holland.
– Courbet makes friends with Corot, Baudelaire, and Proudhon… In the Salon, L’Après-dinée à Ornans, earns him a second medal, and the picture is bought by the State. He paints Les Casseurs de pierre and he starts on L’Enterrement à Ornans.
– His eight pictures are accepted by the Salon : Les Paysans de Flagey revenant de la foire, and above all L
Gustave Courbet
Born
June 10, Ornans, Doubs, France
Died
Dec. 31, (at age 58) La Tour-de-Peilz, Switzerland
Nationality
French
Movement
Realism
Field
Painting, Sculpting
Works
View Complete Works
French painter Gustave Courbet () was influential in leading the Realist movement of 19th century French painting. Realism as applied to the visual arts refers to a style that describes the simple fact of what the eyes can observe, as opposed to romanticism which was a style that dominated the French art world of the time, and was underscored by strong emotion such as trepidation, terror, or awe. In contrast, the Realist of 19th century France abandoned the overstated emotionalism which was depicted in much of the artwork of that time period, and instead focused on painting subjects that were considered uncouth, such as peasants and the working poor. Gustave Courbet holds a significant place in 19th century French art history as a trend setter, and as a painter who was unafraid to make controversial cultural commentary with his artwork.
Early Life And Rising Influence
Courbet was born Jean Désiré Gustave Courbet in to a successful farming family
Jean Désiré Gustave Courbet naît le 10 juin à Ornans près de Besançon, en Franche-Comté.
Son père, Régis Courbet (–), est un propriétaire foncier aisé et sa mère Sylvie (–), née Oudot, est issue d’une famille établie sur place de longue date.
Il a quatre petites soeurs :
Clarisse (–),
Zoé (–),
Zélie (–)
Juliette (–).
– Courbet fréquente le petit séminaire d’Ornans. À partir de , il prend des cours d’art auprès de Claude-Antoine Beau. Il encourage les élèves à peindre en extérieur. Courbet réalise sa première peinture, Portrait de jeune garçon, en
Courbet fréquente le Collège royal de Besançon. Il suit des cours de dessin auprès de Charles Antoine Flajoulot, élève de Jacques-Louis David et professeur à l’école des beaux-arts de Besançon.
– Courbet part pour Paris pour y étudier le droit. En autodidacte, il se rend au Musée du Louvre. Il y copie des oeuvres tout en suivant l’enseignement de Carl August von Steuben et de Nicolas Auguste Hesse. Il fréquente également les académies privées de Charles Suisse et du Père Lapin. En , premier voyage à la mer, au Havre. À partir de , il tente de participer au Salon.
Après plusieurs échecs, Courbet fai
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