John Locke’s Philosophy: Five Key Ideas
Published Jul 26, written by Alexander Standjofski, BA in History & Political Theory w/ pre and post-Christian Ideology
John Locke’s political philosophy is synonymous with liberal thought in its classical sense. It is noteworthy to consider that classical liberalism is both similar yet rather different from liberalism today. In Locke’s era, the political norm was a feudal social hierarchy dominated by an overarching political entity in which all power was vested in one individual: a monarch. The contrast to the massive political Leviathan that was a monarchy, then, was a modest governmental structure of limited size and scope. It was this idea that was upheld by Locke and the Whig thinkers in Britain in his time. What follows are some important ideas credited to the Father of Liberalism.
1. John Locke’s Social Contract Theory
In early modern philosophy, the State of Nature is a hypothetical world devoid of any law, order, and political structure. It has become the canvas on which philosophers project their views of human nature; how we would behave if there was no political establishment, law, or language to civilize u
John Locke and Liberalism
© LO SGUARDO– RIVISTA DI FILOSOFIA – ISSN: N. 7, (III) – LIBERALISMO E DEMOCRAZIA John Locke and Liberalism di Michael P. Zuckert John Locke is one of the preeminent names in the history of political philosophy. He is often identified as the founder of the liberal tradition of political thought and as the author of the most compelling case for religious toleration. His achievements extend beyond moral and political matters for he was the founder of modern empiricism, a doctrine of how and what we can know, as well as being the author of important works in economics, theology, and educational theory. His work remains influential today, as is manifest in the revival of Lockean style political philosophy in the late twentieth century by thinkers like John Rawls and Robert Nozick. Locke lived in tempestuous times and often found himself very much caught up in the tempests. The most obvious were the political tempests: He lived though the two British revolutions of the seventeenth century, the civil war of mid-century and the Glorious Revolution of His father was on active participant in the former on the Parliamentary side; Locke himself was much identifie
John Locke (−)
This study note provides a summary of key thinker John Locke.
The essentials on the social contract:
The most lasting contribution offered by Locke towards the field of political theory is that of the social contract. To fully comprehend his work on the social contract, it is important to recognise that he aims to construct a liberal framework centred upon limited government, individual rights and government by consent. In seeking to achieve this, Locke begins with the assumption that individuals are rational entities. When offering their consent to the state, they are at the same time promoting their own self-interest. As rational entities, we fully acknowledge that our liberties are best protected via governance by the state. It is only the state that can properly uphold our basic liberties and protect us from the threat of foreign invasion and social disorder.
According to Locke, consent may be provided on a formal basis via an election or on an informal setting as a consequence of tacit consent. The former is easily recognisable to those with even a cursory understanding of politics. Within a liberal democratic regime, the government seeks a mand
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John Locke()
Locke was a British political philosopher. In _Two Treatieses of Government _() he argued that the people and their rulers should be subject to restrictions in law. Otherwise, there is no guarantee that the rulers would not abuse the ruled. He supported the concepts of ‘natural’ rights, that everyone is entitled to by virtue of being human, and natural laws, and suggested that governments derive legitimacy from the people, so should respect the people’s natural rights. The social contract is the expression of this idea; that people accept the rule of the government as they know this is the best protection of their rights and interests. The government’s role is to govern in accordance with the people’s wishes, by giving people freedoms as far as possible and promoting toleration. This upholds the key right of freedom. If the government does not do this, the people have the right to disobey or overthrow it. This is the idea of authority based on consent. The government therefore has fiduciary power, meaning there is a measure of trust between the government and the people.
John Stuart Mill()
Mill argued in On Liberty () that the ‘harm princ
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