Februar Prozess wegen Hochverrats gegen Hitler | Hintergrund aktuell |
Am versuchte Adolf Hitler gemeinsam mit völkisch-nationalen Unterstützern in München gewaltsam die Macht zu erlangen. Die Polizei schlug den Putsch nieder, Hitler wurde wegen Hochverrats angeklagt. Da der Vorsitzende Richter den Prozess zugunsten der Angeklagten auslegte, konnte Hitler ihn als Bühne für die nationalsozialistische Propaganda nutzen. Nach einem milden Urteil kam er im Dezember aus der Haft frei.
Politische Situation zu Beginn der er Jahre
Die Weimarer Republik war zu Beginn der er Jahre durch . Rechts- wie linksradikale Gruppierungen lehnten die neugegründeten, demokratischen Institutionen ab und setzten die staatliche Autorität unter Druck. Immer wieder kam es zu politischen Attentaten und Putschversuchen von rechts und links, wie etwa beim Märzaufstand , bei dem auf Seiten der Aufständischen und der Reichswehr mehr als Menschen starben.
Im Januar besetzten belgische und französische Truppen das Rheinland, da Deutschland mit seinen Reparationszahlungen im Rückstand war. Die gesellschaftlichen und politischen Kräfte reagierten darauf mit Streiks, wirtschaftlicher Absperrung des Ruhrgebiet
In the early s, Germany was in a political and economic crisis. In this chaos, right-wing extremists and nationalists tried to increase their power. Among them were Adolf Hitler and Erich Ludendorff, a general from the First World War. They felt that the time had come for a coup d’état. They planned to seize power in the German free state of Bavaria and then march on to Berlin to depose the government.
On the evening of 8 November , Hitler, together with SA members (Sturmabteilung - the fighting team of the NSDAP), forced his way into the Munich Bürgerbräukeller. At that moment, a meeting of Bavarian politicians was in progress. Hitler drew his revolver and shot in the air to draw their attention. He declared that the 'national revolution' had begun. Hitler then retreated to a side room with three of the politicians. He made them promise to support his plans to overthrow the government in Berlin. However, the three of them retracted their promises the next day, and called in the police and the army.
The Erhard Brigade prepares for the coup by Hitler and Ludendorf.
Neustadt bei Coburg, Germany, November 9,
The &
Erich Ludendorff ( - )
Erich Ludendorff ©A talented military strategist, Ludendorff's early success in World War One were obscured by Germany's defeat and his pro-Nazi political activities in the post-war period.
Erich Ludendorff was born on 9 April near Posen in Prussia (now Poznan, Poland). He went into the army at 18 and, in , he was appointed to the German general staff. Here he helped revise the Schlieffen Plan, Germany's strategy for victory over France and campaigned for greater military expansion in anticipation of war.
When war broke out in , Ludendorff was made quartermaster general to Von Bulow's Second Army but when the Russians threatened to overrun the German Eighth Army in East Prussia, Ludendorff was appointed their chief of staff, serving under Paul von Hindenburg. Their spectacular victories over the Russians at Tannenberg () and at the Masurian Lakes () brought Hindenburg worldwide renown - although arguably much of the credit belonged to Ludendorff. In , when Hindenburg was appointed chief of staff, he made Ludendorff his quartermaster general.
Hindenburg, assisted by Ludendorff, worked on the mobilisation of Germany to prosecute 'total' warfare
Spartacus Educational
Primary Sources
(1) Eric Ludendorff, My War Memories, ()
The fifth act of the great drama in Flanders opened on the 22nd October. Enormous masses of ammunition, such as the human mind had never imagined before the war, were hurled upon the bodies of men who passed a miserable existence scattered about in mud-filled shell-holes. The horror of the shell-hole area of Verdun was surpassed. It was no longer life at all. It was mere unspeakable suffering. And through this world of mud the attackers dragged themselves, slowly, but steadily, and in dense masses. Caught in the advanced zone by our hail of fire they often collapsed, and the lonely man in the shell-hole breathed again. Then the mass came on again. Rifle and machine-gun jammed with the mud. Man fought against man, and only too often the mass was successful.
(2) In his autobiography, My War Memories, , Eric Ludendorff wrote about the impact of the Battle of the Somme.
On the Somme the enemy's powerful artillery, assisted by excellent aeroplane observation and fed with enormous supplies of ammunition, had kept down our own fire and destroyed our artillery. The defence of our Infantry had
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