A Doll’s House
*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ***
by Henrik Ibsen
Contents
DRAMATIS PERSONAE
Torvald Helmer.
Nora, his wife.
Doctor Rank.
Mrs Linde.
Nils Krogstad.
Helmer’s three young children.
Anne, their nurse.
A Housemaid.
A Porter.
[The action takes place in Helmer’s house.]
A DOLL’S HOUSE
ACT I
[SCENE.—A room furnished comfortably and tastefully, but not extravagantly. At the back, a door to the right leads to the entrance-hall, another to the left leads to Helmer’s study. Between the doors stands a piano. In the middle of the left-hand wall is a door, and beyond it a window. Near the window are a round table, arm-chairs and a small sofa. In the right-hand wall, at the farther end, another door; and on the same side, nearer the footlights, a stove, two easy chairs and a rocking-chair; between the stove and the door, a small table. Engravings on the walls; a cabinet with china and other small objects; a small book-case with well-bound books. The floors are carpeted, and a fire burns in the stove. It is winter.
A bell rings in the hall; shortly afterwards the door is heard to open. Enter NORA, humm
Nora Helmer, the main protagonist of A Doll’s House characters, is the wife of Torvald and a mother of three children. She lives like a doll in a doll-house, and her character serves as a symbol for every oppressed woman who is restricted from living a free life. In the beginning of the play, Nora is shown as rather a submissive, childish woman, who enjoys being patronized, pampered, and treated like a defenseless animal. She seems happy and doesn’t seem to mind her husband calling her a “little featherbrain”, “squirrel”, “skylark”, and other similar condescending nicknames. In fact, she also seems to enjoy the treatment Torvald gives her. However, along with this, we begin to see certain defiance, rebelliousness, and impulsiveness in her character. In spite of being forbidden from eating sweets, she eats macaroons without the knowledge of her husband, and even lies to him about it, saying “I wouldn’t do anything that you don’t like.” Nora is also manipulative and often plays dumb to get her way with her husband. When attempting to convince Torvald not to dismiss Krogstad, she says “Your squirrel will scamper about and do all her tricks, if you’ll be nice and do what s
A Doll’s House was first titled ‘Et dukkehjem’ and written in Danish by Henrik Ibsen. This masterpiece is a three-act play. It was first staged in Copenhagen in Denmark on 21 December in the same year when it was published. The setting of the play is a Norwegian town around that time. The play portrays the life of a married woman, who lacks reasonable opportunities for self-fulfillment in a rigidly patriarchal society. The play has seen its translations into various languages, offering deep insights into the male dominant society and its strict rules prevalent during the 18th century. In , on the occasion of Henrik Ibsen’s centennial death, A Doll’s House held the honor of being the world’s most performed play. The story opens on Christmas eve when Nora Helmer is entering a well-furnished room, carrying various packages, followed by her husband Torvald Helmer, who greets her affectionately. Then, he chides her for her carelessness and lavish spending on Christmas gifts. Their conversation gives a clue to their past life that they were very cautious about money when they faced difficul
HENRIK IBSEN AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY PLOT SUMMARY CHARACTERS THEMES STYLE HISTORICAL CONTEXT CRITICAL OVERVIEW CRITICISM FURTHER READING SOURCES A Doll’s House was published on December 4, , and first performed in Copenhagen on December 21, The work was considered a publishing event and the play’s initial printing of 8, copies quickly sold out. The play was so controversial that Ibsen was forced to write a second ending that he called “a barbaric outrage” to be used only when necessary. The controversy centered around Nora’s decision to abandon her children, and in the second ending she decides that the children need her more than she needs her freedom. Ibsen believed that women were best suited to be mothers and wives, but at the same time, he had an eye for injustice and Helmer’s demeaning treatment of Nora was a common problem. Although he would later be embraced by feminists, Ibsen was no champion of women’s rights; he only dealt with the problem of women’s rights as a facet of the realism within his play. His intention was not to solve this issue but to illuminate it. Although Ibsen’s depiction of Nora realistically illustrates the issues facing wome
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A Doll’s House
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Summary of A Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen
A Doll’s House
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