Sir Douglas Haig
Le feld-maréchal sir Douglas Haig commanda la British Expeditionary Force (BEF) de à
Expérimenté mais traditionaliste
Haig, général britannique d’expérience, reçut le commandement de la BEF des mains de sir John French en décembre Traditionaliste à bien des égards, notamment par sa foi dans la cavalerie et dans la valeur militaire d’un caractère moral supérieur, Haig milita tout au long de la guerre pour une bataille permettant une percée et conduisant au type de guerre ouverte qu’il crut toujours imminente. Il avait participé à d’importantes réformes militaires avant-guerre et, pendant le conflit, il adopta sans hésitation des armes nouvelles ou améliorées, mais il s’avéra inflexible et sans imagination face à la guerre des tranchées. Ses offensives épiques mais coûteuses dans la Somme () et à Passchendaele () sont presque devenues synonymes du carnage et de la futilité des batailles de la Première Guerre mondiale.
Haig présida aux destinées de la plus grande armée de l’histoire de la Grande-Bretagne. Il façonna la BEF pour en faire une formation de combat efficace qui joua un rôle décisif dans la défaite de l’Alle
Douglas Haig () was a Scottish soldier who rose through the ranks of the British Army to the overall commander of the British Army on the Western Front during the later years of World War One. He has come to symbolise, fairly or unfairly &#; the popular impression of bungling generals responsible for sending troops to die in the bitter fighting of the First World War.
Douglas Haig was born in Edinburgh, Scotland and was educated at Clifton College and later Oxford University. From university he went to the Royal Military College, Sandhurst; he later gained a commission in the 7th Hussars. Douglas Haig saw active service in Egypt and South Africa, during the Boer War. He was then assigned to service in India. By , he was appointed as GOC Aldershot.
General Haig during World War One
When Britain declared war on Germany, he led the 1st corps of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) to France. In the early days of the war, the professional British army played a key role in checking the advance of the Germans who were striving to outflank the French and march on to Paris. During these early months of the war, Haig’s gained a good reputation for the way the forces under his comman
Haig, Sir Douglas, 1st Earl Haig
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General Douglas Haig ( - )
Douglas Haig ©Haig was British commander on the Western Front for most of World War One. The huge casualties that his military strategy produced has made him a controversial figure.
Douglas Haig was born in Edinburgh on 19 June into a wealthy family who owned a whisky business. He studied at Oxford University and in went to the Royal Military Academy at Sandhurst. He then served as a cavalry officer for nine years, mainly in India. He later took part in the Sudan campaign ( - ) and the Boer War ( - ). In , Haig went to the War Office as director of military training. His responsibilities included the organisation of a British Expeditionary Force (BEF) for deployment in the event of war with Germany. On the outbreak of war in , Haig was commanding the BEF's 1st Army Corps, whose overall commander was Sir John French. By the end of , it was clear that French was ill-suited to the role, and in December Haig was appointed commander in chief in his place.
In an attempt to break the stalemate on the Western Front and relieve the pressure on the French at Verdun, Haig ordered the Somme offensive, which began on 1 July The British army suffered 60,
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